h2po4

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Dihydrogen phosphate
Names
IUPAC name

Dihydrogenphosphate

Systematic IUPAC name

Phosphoric acid, ion(1-)

Other names

Phosphoric acid, ion(1-) Dehydrophosphoric acid (1-)

Identifiers

CAS Number
  • 14066-20-7 ☒

3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:39745
ChemSpider
  • 978

PubChem CID
  • 1003

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID40930897 Edit this at Wikidata

InChI

  • InChI=1S/H3O4P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-1

    Key: NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M

SMILES

Properties

Chemical formula

 H2O4P−1
Molar mass 96.986 g·mol−1
Conjugate acid Phosphoric Acid
Related compounds

Related compounds

 Phosphate, Monohydrogen phosphate

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Infobox references

Dihydrogen phosphate is an inorganic ion with the formula [H2PO4]−. Phosphates occur widely in natural systems.[1]

These sodium phosphates are artificially used in food processing and packaging as emulsifying agents, neutralizing agents, surface-activating agents, and leavening agents providing humans with benefits. Emulsifying agents prevent separation of two ingredients in processed foods that would separate under natural conditions while neutralizing agents make processed foods taste fresher longer and lead to lớn an increased shelf-life of these foods.[1] Surface-activating agents prevent surface-tension formation on liquid-containing processed foods and finally, leavening agents are used in processed foods to lớn aid in the expansion of yeast in baked goods.[1]

Dihydrogen phosphate is employed in the production of pharmaceuticals furthering their importance to lớn medical practitioners of gastroenterology and humans in general. In this medical discipline, sodium phosphates are used as natural laxatives.[1] Other medical applications include using sodium and potassium phosphates along with other medications to lớn increase their therapeutic effects. Inflammation, certain cancers, and ulcers can benefit from the use of combination therapy with sodium and potassium phosphates.[1]

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium salt, is useful to lớn human in the size of pesticides. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a fungicide that is used to lớn prevent powdery mildew on many fruits.[2] Fruits that can benefit from the addition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate includes common fruits, peppers, and roses.[2]

Structure[edit]

The dihydrogen phosphate anion consists of a central phosphorus atom surrounded by 2 equivalent oxygen atoms and 2 hydroxy groups in a tetrahedral arrangement.[3] Dihydrogen phosphate can be identified as an anion, an ion with an overall negative charge, with dihydrogen phosphates being a negative 1 charge.[3] Dihydrogen phosphate contains 4 H bond acceptors and 2 H bond donors,[3] and has 0 rotatable bonds.[4]

Acid-base equilibria[edit]

Dihydrogen phosphate is an intermediate in the multi-step conversion of the polyprotic phosphoric acid to lớn phosphate:[5]

This multistep conversion exemplifies that the dihydrogen phosphate ion is the conjugate base to lớn phosphoric acid, while also acting as the conjugate acid to lớn the phosphate ion.[3] This means that dihydrogen phosphate can be both a hydrogen donor and acceptor.

Equilibrium Disassociation constant, pKa[6]
H3PO4 ⇌ H
2PO−
4 + H+ 		pKa1 = 2.14[a]
H
2PO−
4 ⇌ HPO2−
4 + H+ 		pKa2 = 7.20
HPO2−
4 ⇌ PO3−
4 + H+ 		pKa3 = 12.37

Examples[edit]

  • Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate ((NH4)(H2PO4))
  • Monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2)

Safety[edit]

Many foods including milk, eggs, poultry, and nuts contain these sodium phosphates.[1]

Xem thêm: Thực hành pha trà sữa trong giờ Hóa, 5 học sinh nhập viện

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Values are at 25 °C and 0 ionic strength.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Tech, Noah. "Sodium Phosphates: From Food to lớn Pharmacology | Noah Technologies". Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  2. ^ a b "Document Display | NEPIS | US EPA". nepis.epa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  3. ^ a b c d PubChem. "Dihydrogen phosphate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  4. ^ "dihydrogenphosphate | H2O4P | ChemSpider". chemspider.com. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  5. ^ "Phosphoric Acid H3PO4". aqion.de. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  6. ^ Powell, Kipton J.; Brown, Paul L.; Byrne, Robert H.; Gajda, Tamás; Hefter, Glenn; Sjöberg, Staffan; Wanner, Hans (2005). "Chemical speciation of environmentally significant heavy metals with inorganic ligands. Part 1: The Hg2+, Cl−, OH−, CO2−
    3    , SO2−
    4    , and PO3−
    4     aqueous systems". Pure Appl. Chem. 77 (4): 739–800. doi:10.1351/pac200577040739.